GPAT Detailed Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2023

Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry

• Pharmaceutical Impurities
  Impurities in pharmaceutical substances, sources, types & effects of impurities. Limit tests for
  heavy metals like lead, iron, arsenic, mercury & for chloride & sulphate as per Indian
  Pharmacopoeia [I. P.].
• Monographs
  (a) Monograph & its importance, various tests included in monographs as per I. P. A study
  of the following compounds with respect to their methods of preparation, assay, &
  pharmaceutical uses of sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, copper sulphate, light &
  heavy kaolin, ammonium chloride & ferrous gluconate.
• Isotopes
  Isotopes- stable & radioactive, mode & rate of decay. Types & measurement of radioactivity.
  Radiopharmaceuticals & their diagnostic & therapeutic applications in pharmacy & medicine
  such as 125I, 32P, 51Cr, 60Co, 59Fe, 99Tc-M. Radiocontrast media, use of BaSO4 in medicine.
• Dentifrices, desensitizing agents, & anticaries agents

Medicinal Chemistry

• Therapeutic classes of drugs
  The following topics should be dealt with covering nomenclature [including stereochemical
  aspects], biological activity [including side & toxic effects], mode of action, structure-activity
  relationship [where ever applicable] & syntheses of reasonable molecules.
  1. General anesthetics.
  2. Local anesthetics.
  3. Diagnostic agents.
  4. Coagulants, anticoagulants & plasma expanders.
  5. Antiseptics, disinfectants, sterilants, & astringents.
  6. Purgatives, laxatives & antidiarrhoeal agents.
• Various classes of therapeutic agents
  A detailed study of the following classes with respect to drug nomenclature, classification,
  physicochemical properties, mode of action [MOA], structure-activity relationships [SAR],
  wherever applicable, synthesis of simple & prototype molecules, drug metabolism, therapeutic
  uses & side effects. Drug resistance, wherever applicable, should be covered in respective
  classes of drugs.
  a. Antimalarials
  b. Antiamoebic agents.
  c. Anthelmintic agents.
  d. Antibacterial sulpha drugs [only].
  e. Quinolone antibacterials.
  f. Antimycobacterial drugs.
  g. Antifungal agents.
  g. Antiviral agents including HIV & anti-HIV drugs.
  h. Thyroid & antithyroid drugs.
  i. Antiallergic agents.
  j. Antiulcer agents & Proton Pump Inhibitors.
  k. Hypoglycemic agents.
• Different classes of therapeutic drugs
  A detailed study of the following classes with respect to drug nomenclature, classification,
  physicochemical properties, mode of action [MOA], structure-activity relationships [SAR],
  wherever applicable, synthesis of simple & prototype molecules, drug metabolism, therapeutic
  uses & side effects. Drug resistance, wherever applicable, should be covered in respective
  classes of drugs.
  I. a. Sedative-hypnotics
  b. Antiepileptic agents.
  c. Neuroleptics.
  d. Anti-anxiety drugs.
  II. Antibiotics. Penicillins, cephalosporins & other beta-lactam antibiotics like imipenem &
  aztreonam. Beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid & sulbactam.
  Chloramphenicol. Tetracyclines. Aminoglycoside antibiotics. Macrolide antibiotics.
  Lincomycins. Polypeptide antibiotics. Anticancer antibiotics.
  III. Steroids. Corticosteroids [gluco- & mineralocorticoids] & anti-inflammatory steroids. Sex
  steroids. Male & female contraceptive agents. Anabolic steroids.
  Anticancer agents.
• Different classes of therapeutic drugs
  A detailed study of the following classes with respect to drug nomenclature, classification,
  physicochemical properties, mode of action [MOA], biosynthesis, structure-activity
  relationships [SAR], wherever applicable, synthesis of simple & prototype molecules, drug
  metabolism, therapeutic uses & side effects. Drug resistance, wherever applicable, in respective
  classes of drugs.
  I. Narcotic [centrally acting] analgesics [analgetics]. Morphine & all its structural
  modifications [peripheral & nuclear]. Narcotic agonists & antagonists [dual & pure].
  Non-narcotic analgesics [NSAIDS]. Difference between narcotic & non-narcotic agents.
  II. Adrenergic drugs. Neurotransmitters & their role. General & specific adrenergic agonists
  & antagonists [up to alpha-2 & beta-2 only].
  III. Cholinergic agents. Muscarinic & nicotinic cholinergic agonists & antagonists [up to M2
  & N2]. Neuronal [transmission] blockers.
  IV. Drugs used in neuromuscular disorders. Drugs used in the treatment of
  Parkinson’s disease. Central & peripheral muscle relaxants.
  V. Hypertensive, antihypertensive, & antianginal agents.
  VI. Diuretics.
  VII. Eicosanoids. Prostaglandins, prostacyclins, & thromboxanes. Their biochemical
  role, biosynthesis, & inhibitors.
• Introduction to quantitative structure-activity relationship. [QSAR]. Linear free energy
  relationship. Hammett’s equation. Use of substituent constants such as π,
  σ, Es, & physicochemical parameters such as pKa, partition coefficient, Rm, chemical shifts,
  molar refractivity, simple & valance molecular connectivity to indicate electronic effects,
  lipophilic effects, & steric effects. Introduction, methodology, advantages &
  disadvantages/limitations of Hansch analysis.
• Asymmetric synthesis. Chirality, chiral pool, sources of various naturally available chiral
  compounds. Eutomers, distomers, eudismic ratio. Enantioselectivity &
  enantiospecificity. Enantiomeric & diastereomeric excess. Prochiral molecules.
  Asymmetric synthesis of captopril & propranolol.
• Combinatorial chemistry. Introduction & basic terminology. Databases & libraries. Solid
  phase synthesis technique. Types of supports & linkers, Wang, Rink, & dihydropyran
  derivatized linkers. Reactions involving these linkers. Manual parallel & automated
  parallel synthesis. Houghton’s tea bag method, micromanipulation, recursive
  deconvolution. Mix & split method for the synthesis of tripeptides. Limitations of
  combinatorial synthesis. Introduction to throughput screening.

• Pharmacy Profession & Introduction to Pharmaceuticals
  Pharmacy as a career, evaluation of Pharmacy, earlier period middle to modern ages.
  Definition, importance of pharmaceuticals, areas concerned, scope of Pharmaceutics, history
  and development of the profession of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical industry in India. A brief
  review of present Indian Pharma. Industry in global perspective.
• Introduction to dosage form
  Definition of the drug. New drug and dosage form. The desirable properties of a dosage form,
  the need of dosage form. Ideas about the available type of dosage forms and new drug delivery
  system.
• Sources of drug information
  Introduction to Pharmacopoeia with reference to IP, BP, USP and International Pharmacopeia.
  Study of structure/features (index) general notice and compartment of monographs of
  excipients, drug and drug product. Other sources. Textbooks, journals, internet (drug
  information system, online database, patient/ consumer information and non- print material.
  Classification of information, primary, secondary and tertiary. Nomenclature of the drug.
• Allopathic dosage form
  Merits/demerits, importance, formulation development – vehicles/excipients with examples for
  the dosage form: liquid dosage form: monophasic liquid dosage form. Aromatic waters, syrup,
  elixir, linctus, lotion, liniment, glycerites, solutions, spirits, ENT preparations, mixtures, paints,
  mouthwash.
• Crude extract
  Infusion, decoction, maceration, percolation, tincture and extract. Methods of preparations of
  dry, soft and liquid extract.
• Allergenic extract
  Types of allergens, preparation of extract, testing and standardization of extracts.
• Biological products
  Absorbable and non-absorbable material types, sutures and ligatures, processing,
  manufacturing, sterilization, packing, QC tests of materials like catgut and nylon.
• Pharmaceutical Plant, location, layout
  Plant location and layout of an industry. Various factors affecting locational aspects of chemical
  and pharmaceutical plants. The layout of plant building and importance of flow sheet, the
  difference between scientific process and technological process, the layout of various
  departments, equipment, and product layout v/s process layout.
• Dosage Form Necessities and Additives
  Antioxidants, preservatives, coloring agents, flavoring agents and diluting agents, emulsifying
  agents, suspending agents, ointment bases, solvents, and others.
• Powders
  Advantages and limitations as dosage form, manufacturing procedure and equipment, special
  care and problems in manufacturing powders, powders of IP, effervescent granules and salts.
• Capsules
  Hard gelatin capsules, shell formulation and manufacturing, capsule sizes, storage, filing,
  cleaning process general formulation contents and evaluation. Soft gelatin capsules, shell
  formulation, formulation contents, filing, sealing and storage. Microencapsulation, advantages,
  encapsulation materials, methods of microencapsulation, I.P. formulations
• Tablets
  Types, ideal requirement, classification, granulation methods, general formulation,
  compression machines, different types of tooling’s, difficulties in tableting, troubleshooting
  aspects, evaluation, sugar coating, compression coating, film coating, problems in tablet
  coatings and their troubleshooting aspects. IP formulations.
• Parenterals – product requiring sterile packaging
  Definition, types advantages and limitations, general formulation, vehicles, production
  procedure, production facilities, controls, tests, selected IP injections, sterile powders, implants,
  emulsions, suspensions.
• Suspensions
  Formulation of deflocculated and flocculated suspension, manufacturing procedure, evaluation
  methods, IP suspensions.
• Emulsions
  Types, emulsifying agents, general formulation, manufacturing procedure, evaluation methods,
  IP emulsions.
• Suppositories
  Ideal requirements, bases, manufacturing procedure, evaluation methods, IP products.
• Semisolids
  Definitions, bases, general formulation, manufacturing procedure, evaluation methods, IP
  products.
• Liquids(solutions, syrups, elixirs, spirits, aromatic water, liquid for external uses)
  Definition, types, general formulation, manufacturing procedure, evaluation methods, IP
  products.
• Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  Definition, propellants, general formulation, manufacturing and packaging methods,
  pharmaceutical applications. Impacts of propellants on the environment.
• Ophthalmic preparations
  Requirement, formulation, methods of preparation, containers, evaluation, IP products.
• Preformulations
  Consideration of Importance, physical properties, physical forms, particle size, crystal forms,
  bulk control, solubility, wetting, flow cohesiveness, compressibility, organoleptic properties and
  its effect on final product consideration of Chemical properties, hydrolysis, oxidation,
  recemization, polymerization, isomerization, decarboxylation, enzymatic decomposition,
  formulation additives, stabilizers, suspending and dispersing agents dyes, solid excipients etc.
  and its effect on quality of finished product.
• Stability of formulated products
  Requirements, drug regulatory aspects, pharmaceutical products stability, shelf life, overages,
  containers, closures.
  Reaction rate and order, acid-base catalysis, destabilization and accelerated stability testing.
• Prolonged Action Pharmaceuticals
  Benefits, limitations, oral products, terminology, drug elimination rate, types and construction
  of implants products, product evaluation, parenteral products, absorption and evaluation.
• Novel Drug delivery system
  Critical fluid technology, transdermal drug delivery system, controlled drug delivery system,
  multiple emulsion, nanoparticles, targeted drug delivery system, aerosols, inhalation & new
  products reported etc.
• GMP and Validation
  Introduction to GMP, QC and QA. Concept and need of good manufacturing practice guidelines.
  Elements of GMP covering controls of area and processes and product. Regulations related to
  GMP. Introduction of the validation process. Types of validation. The brief methodology of
  process, equipment and instrument validation.
• Packaging Materials
  Role and features of Pharmaceutical packing materials. Glass, plastic, rubber, metal and paper
  as pharmaceutical packaging material. General quality control of pharmaceutical packages.
  Primary, secondary and tertiary packaging materials. Child resistant and pilfer-proof packaging.
• Cosmetics
  Formulation and preparation of dentifrices, hair creams, lipsticks, face powders, shaving
  preparations, skin creams, shampoos, hair dyes, depilatories, manicure preparations etc.
• Pilot plant scale-up techniques
  Need, organization and layout, scale-up techniques for solid and liquid dosage forms.
  Technology transfer.

• Introductory Pharmacognosy
  Historical development, modern concept and scope of Pharmacognosy. The significance of
  Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine practiced in India viz: Ayurveda, Unani,
  Homeopathic and Siddha.
• Classification of crude drugs
  Based on alphabetical, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, taxonomical and
  chemotaxonomic methods: organized and unorganized drugs: official and unofficial drugs.
  Plants, animals and minerals: marine products: plant tissue culture.
• Factors influencing quality of crude drugs
  Exogenous factors: temperature, rainfall, daylight, altitude and soil. Endogenous factors:
  Mutation, polyploidy, & hybridization in medicinal plants. Production factors including
  collection, drying, storage and transport methods.
  Study of morphological and histological characters of crude drugs, Ergastic cell inclusions,
  anatomical structures of both monocot and dicot stems, leaves and roots: barks, fruits and
  seeds.
• Techniques in microscopy
  Details of mountants, clearing agents, chemomicroscopic (microchemical) reagents.
• Introduction to phytoconstituents
  Definition, classification, chemical tests and pharmaceutical importance of: carbohydrates and
  their derivatives, fats and proteins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins,
  resins, lipids and volatile oils.
• Principles of plant classification
  Diagnostic features and medicinal significance of important plants with special reference to:
  Algae: Rhodophyceae (Agar, Alginic acid, Diatoms).
  Fungi: Ergot, Yeast and penicillium.
  Gymnosperm: Pinaceae (Turpentine, Colophony), Gnetaceae (Ephedra).
  Angiosperm: Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae,
  Scrophulariaceae, Leguminosae, Papaveraceae, Acanthaceae and Apiaceae.
  Pteridophytes: Male fern.
• Pharmaceutical aids
  Biological sources, chemical constituents, adulterants and uses of: Starches, acacia gum,
  tragacanth, sterculia, guar gum, pectin, arachis oil, castor oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, olive
  oil, cotton, silk, wool, regenerated fibers, asbestos, kaolin, prepared chalk, kieselguhr.
  8. Animal products
  Biological sources, chemical constituents, adulterants and uses of: Shellac, cochineal,
  cantharides, woolfat, lard, beeswax, honey, musk, lanolin, gelatin.
• Plant products
  Introduction to plant bitters, sweeteners, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and photosensitizing
  agents.
• Toxic drugs
  Study of allergens, hallucinogens, narcotics.
• Enzymes
  Biological sources, preparation, characters, and uses of: diastase, papain bromelain, ficin, yeast,
  pancreatin, urokinase, pepsin, trypsin, penicillinase, hyaluronidase and streptokinase.
• Natural pesticides and insecticides
  Introduction to herbicides, fungicides, fumigants and rodenticides tobacco, pyrethrum, &
  neem.
• Adulteration and evaluation of crude drugs
  Different methods of adulteration: Evaluation of drugs by organoleptic, microscopic, physical,
  chemical and biological methods. Deterioration of herbal drugs by insects.
• Quantitative microscopy
  Definition and determination of stomatal index, stomatal number, palisade ratio, vein islet
  number, vein termination number, lycopodium spore method. Micrometers and measurement
  of microscopic characters.
• Biogenetic pathways
  Formation of primary and secondary metabolites. Study of Calvin cycle, TCA cycle, Shikimic acid
  pathway, Embden-Mayerhoff pathway, acetate hypothesis, isoprenoid pathway. Biosynthesis of
  carbohydrates, lipids and volatile oils.
• Carbohydrates & lipids
  Biological sources, salient morphological features, chemical constituents, and uses of: Plantago,
  bael, chaulmoogra oil, neem oil, shark liver oil, cod liver oil, guggul lipids.
• Tannins
  Biological sources, morphology, chemical constituents, chemical test and uses of: Pale catechu,
  black catechu, nutgalls, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia arjuna.
• Volatile oils
  Biological sources, morphology, chemical constituents, adulterants and uses of: Black pepper,
  turpentine, mentha, coriander, cardamom, cinnamon, cassia, lemon peel, orange peel,
  lemongrass, citronella, cumin, caraway, dill, spearmint, clove, anise, star anise, fennel, nutmeg,
  eucalyptus, chenopodium, ajowan, sandalwood.
• Resinous drugs
  Classification, formation, sources, chemical constituents, identification test, adulterants and
  uses of: benzoin, Peru balsam, tolu balsam, colophony, myrrh, asafoetida, jalap, colocynth,
  ginger, turmeric, capsicum, cannabis, podophyllum.
• Glycosides
  Nature and classification. Biological sources, morphology, chemical constituents, adulterants
  and uses of: Digitalis, strophanthus, squill, thevetia, oleander, cascara, aloe, rhubarb, senna,
  quassia, dioscorea, quillaia, glycyrrhiza, ginseng, gentian, wild cherry, withania, bitter almond.
  Biosynthesis of cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides.
• Alkaloids
  Nature, classification, biological sources, morphology, chemical constituents, adulterants and
  uses of: Areca nut, belladonna, hyoscymous, stramonium, duboisea, coca, coffee, tea,
  cinchona, opium, ipecac, nux vomica, ergot, rauwolfia, vinca, kurchi, ephedra, colchicum,
  vasaca, pilocarpus, aconite, Solanum xanthocarpum. Biosynthesis of tropane, cinchona and
  opium alkaloids.
• Extraction and Isolation Techniques
  General methods used for the extraction, isolation and identification of alkaloids, lipids,
  glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oils and resins. Application of column, paper and thin
  layer chromatographic techniques, for the isolation of phytopharmaceuticals.
• Phytopharmaceuticals
  Isolation, identification and estimation of: caffeine, eugenol, digoxin, piperine, tannic acid,
  diosgenin, hesperidin, berberine, calcium sennosides, rutin, glycyrrhizin, menthol, ephedrine,
  quinine, andrographolides and guggul lipids.
• Quality control and Standardization of herbal drugs
  Quality control of herbal drugs as per WHO, AYUSH and Pharmacopoeial guidelines-Extractive
  values, ash values, chromatographic techniques (TLC, HPTLC and HPLC) for determination of
  chromatographic markers. Determination of heavy metals, insecticides, pesticides and
  microbial load in herbal preparations.
• Herbal formulations
  Principals involved in Ayurveda, Sidha, Unani, Chinese and Homeopathic systems of medicines.
  Preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like aristas, asava, ghutika, tailia, churna, avaleha, ghrita
  and bhasmas: Unani formulations like majooms, Safoofs. Determination of alcohol contents in
  arishtas & asavas.
• Worldwide trade of crude drugs and volatile oils
  Study of drugs having high commercial value and their regulations pertaining to trade.
• Herbal cosmetics
  Importance of herbals as shampoos (soapnut), conditioners and hair darkeners, (amla, henna,
  hibiscus, tea), skin care (aloe, turmeric, lemon peel, vetiver).
• Traditional herbal drugs
  Common names, sources, morphology, active constituents and uses (traditional, folklore),
  pharmacological and clinical uses of: punarnava (Boerhaviadiffusa), shankhpushpi (Convolvulus
  microphylla), lehsun (Allium sativum), guggul (Commiphora mukul), kalmegh (Andrographis
  peniculata), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), valerian (Valerian officinalis), artemisia (Artemisia annua),
  chirata (Swertia chirata), ashoka (Saraca indica).
• Plants based industries and research institutes in India
  Knowledge about the herbal products being manufactured by premier herbal industries and
  thrust area of the institutes involved in plant research.
• Patents
  Indian and International patent laws, proposed amendments as applicable to herbal/natural
  products and processes: Intellectual Property Rights with special reference to
  phytoconstituents.
• Ayurvedic system of medicine
  Theory, basic concept, diagnosis, various branches of treatment in ayurveda, types of the drug
  formulation in Ayurveda and important Ayurvedic drugs and their uses, formulation of asavas,
  arishtas, watika, churna, tailas, ghruta, lep.
• Homeopathic system of medicine
  Theory, basic concept, diagnosis, treatment, source of homeopathic medicines and important
  homeopathic drugs and their uses

• General Pharmacology
  Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, scope and source of drugs, dosage forms and routes
  of drug administration. Pharmacodynamics-Mechanism of drug action, Receptors,
  classification and drug-receptor interactions, combined effects of drugs, factors modifying
  drug actions.
  Pharmacokinetics-Mechanism and principle of absorption, distribution, metabolism and
  excretion of drugs. Principles of basic and clinical pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenetics.
  Adverse drug reactions.
  Discovery and development of new drugs-Preclinical and clinical studies.
  Detailed pharmacology including classification, mechanism of action and therapeutic uses
  of following classes:
• Nerohumoral transmission in autonomic and central nervous system:
  Neurohumoral transmission (Autonomic and somatic). Neurohumoral transmission in the
  C.N.S with special emphasis on Pharmacology of various neurotransmitters. Nitric oxide:
  Biosynthesis of nitric oxide and its physiological role.
  Therapeutic use of nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors. Clinical condition in which nitric
  oxide may play a part.
  Peptides and proteins as mediators:
  General Principal of peptide pharmacology Biosynthesis and regulation of peptides Peptide
  antagonists. Protein and peptide as drugs.
• Pharmacology of peripheral nervous system
  Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, Sympatholytics,
  Ganglionic stimulants and blockers. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle
  relaxants (peripheral).
  Local anesthetic agents. Drugs used in Myasthenia Gravis.
• Pharmacology of central nervous System
  General anesthetics. Alcohols and disulfiram. Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting
  muscle relaxants, Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety
  agents, anti-manics and hallucinogens.
  Anti-epileptic drugs. Anti-parkinsonism drugs. Nootropics.
  Narcotic analgesics, drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence.
• Pharmacology of cardiovascular system
  Introduction of hemodynamics and Electrophysiology of heart.
  Anti-hypertensive drugs, Anti-anginal agents, Anti-arrhythmic drugs.
  Drugs used in congestive heart failure. Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs. Drugs
  used in the therapy of shock.
  Haematinics, anticoagulants and haemostatic agents.
  Fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs.
  Blood and plasma volume expanders.
• Drugs acting on urinary system
  Diuretics and anti-diuretics.
• Drugs acting on Respiratory system
  Anti-asthmatic drugs, Mucolytics and nasal decongestants, Anti-tussives and expectorants.
  Respiratory stimulants
• Pharmacology of Endocrine system
  Basic concepts in endocrine pharmacology. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. Thyroid
  hormones and antithyroid drugs, Parathormone, Calcitonin and vitamin-D. Insulin, oral
  hypoglycemic agents and glucagon. ACTH and corticosteroids. Androgens and anabolic
  steroids. Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives. Drugs acting on the uteru.
• Chemotherapy
  General principles of chemotherapy. Sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole.
  Antibiotics- Penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, Macrolides, quinolones and
  fluoroquinolons,. Tetracyclines. Aminoglycosides and miscellaneous antibiotics.
  Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal diseases, viral diseases, AIDS, protozoal
  diseases, worm infections, urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases.
  Chemotherapy of malignancy.
• Autacoids and their Antagonists
  Histamine, 5-HT and their agonsists and antagonists.
  Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, angiotensin,
  bradykinin and substance P.,Analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-gout drugs.
• Pharmacology of drug acting on the gastrointestinal tract
  Antacids, anti-secretary and antiulcer drugs.
  Laxatives and antidiarrheal drugs. Appetite stimulants and suppressants. Digestants and
  carminatives. Emetics and anti-emetics.
• Chronopharmacology
  Definition of rhythm and cycles. Biological clocks and their significance leading to
  chronotherapy.
• Immnopharmacology
  Immunostimulants and immunosuppressants.
• Vitamins & Minerals
  Vitamin deficiency diseases and their management. Role of minerals in health & diseases.
• Principles of toxicology
  Definition of poison. General principles of treatment of Poisoning. Treatment of poisoning
  due to Heavy metals, insecticides, opioids and other addict forming drugs. Study of acute,
  sub acute and chronic toxicity as per OECD guidelines (guidelines
  420,423,425,407,408,451/452; only names and significance, detailed procedures and
  minute details are not expected).
• PDF of Syllabus