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JEE Main Syllabus 2023

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JEE Main Syllabus 2023 :- National Testing Agency (NTA)Has been Published Notification for JEE Main Exam 2023. We Know That JEE Main Exam Host And Managed National Testing Agency. We Are Advise Exam Preparations Start Now. On This Page JEE Main Syllabus 2023 in PDF  JEE Main Syllabus 2023 with Weightage Pdf Download ,Chapter Wise Weightage for Jee Mains 2023 Pdf Jee Main Chemistry Physical Chemistry  And Simple Format with in JEE Main Exam Pattern and Old Questions Paper and Completed Selection Process Etc Information Are Mentioned Given Below.

JEE Main Examination Pattern for Paper 1: B.E./B.Tech.,JEE Main Examination Pattern for Paper 2A: B. Arch, JEE Main Syllabus for Mathematics, JEE Main Syllabus for Physics, JEE Main Syllabus for Chemistry

JEE Main Examination Pattern for Paper 1: B.E./B.Tech.

Subject Section A Section B Marks Time
Mathematics 20 10 100
Physics 20 10 100
Chemistry 20 10 100
Total 60 15 300 3 Hours
  • Type of questions– Objective Type – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) & Questions for which answer is a numerical value, with equal weightage to Mathematics, Physics & Chemistry
  • Mode of Examination– “Computer Based Test (CBT)” mode only
  • Note- Each Subject will have two sections. Section A will be of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) and Section B will contain Questions whose answers are to be filled in as a numerical value. In Section B, candidates have to attempt any five questions out of 10. There will be no negative marking for Section B.
JEE Main Examination Pattern for Paper 2A: B. Arch
Subject No of Questions Marks
Mathematics 20 10 100
Aptitude Test 50 200
Drawing Test 02 100
Total 82 400
Type of questions 

  • Part-I: Mathematics– Objective Type – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) & Questions for which answer is a numerical value.
  • Part-II: Aptitude Test– Objective Type – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
  • Part-III: Drawing Test– Questions to test drawing aptitude (“Pen & Paper Based” (offline) mode to be attempted on Drawing sheet)

Mode of Examination

  • Computer Based Test (CBT)” mode only except drawing test.

Note- 20 questions will be MCQs and 5 questions will have answers to be filled as a numerical value out of 10.                       There will be no negative marking for numerical value.

JEE Main Syllabus for Mathematics
  • UNIT 1: SETS, RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS:
    Sets and their representation: Union,
    intersection and complement of sets and
    their algebraic properties; Power set;
    Relation, Type of relations, equivalence
    relations, functions; one-one, into and onto
    functions, the composition of functions.
  • UNIT 2: COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS:
    Complex numbers as ordered pairs of
    reals, Representation of complex numbers
    in the form a + ib and their representation
    in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of
    complex number, modulus and argument
    (or amplitude) of a complex number,
    square root of a complex number, triangle
    inequality, Quadratic equations in real and
    complex number system and their
    solutions Relations between roots and coefficient, nature of roots, the formation of
    quadratic equations with given roots.
  • UNIT 3: MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS:
    Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of
    matrices, determinants and matrices of
    order two and three, properties of
    determinants, evaluation of determinants,
    area of triangles using determinants,
    Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a
    square matrix using determinants and
    elementary transformations, Test of
    consistency and solution of simultaneous
    linear equations in two or three variables
    using determinants and matrices.
  • UNIT 4: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS:
    The fundamental principle of counting,
    permutation as an arrangement and
    combination as section, Meaning of P (n,r)
    and C (n,r), simple applications.
  • UNIT 5: MATHEMATICAL INDUCTIONS:
    Principle of Mathematical Induction and
    its simple applications.
  • UNIT 6: BINOMIAL THEOREM AND ITS SIMPLE APPLICATIONS:
    Binomial theorem for a positive integral
    index, general term and middle term,
    properties of Binomial coefficients and
    simple applications.
  • UNIT 7: SEQUENCE AND SERIES:
    Arithmetic and Geometric progressions,
    insertion of arithmetic, geometric means
    between two given numbers, Relation
    between A.M and G.M sum up to n terms
    of special series; Sn, Sn2, Sn3.
    Arithmetico-Geometric progression.
  • UNIT 8: LIMIT, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY:
    Real – valued functions, algebra of
    functions, polynomials, rational,
    trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential
    functions, inverse function. Graphs of
    simple functions. Limits, continuity and
    differentiability. Differentiation of the
    sum, difference, product and quotient of
    two functions. Differentiation of
    trigonometric, inverse trigonometric,
    logarithmic, exponential, composite and
    implicit functions; derivatives of order up
    to two, Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean value
    Theorems, Applications of derivatives:
    Rate of change of quantities, monotonic Increasing and decreasing functions,
    Maxima and minima of functions of one
    variable, tangents and normal.
  • UNIT 9: INTEGRAL CALCULAS:
    Integral as an anti-derivative, Fundamental
    Integrals involving algebraic,
    trigonometric, exponential and logarithms
    functions. Integrations by substitution, by
    parts and by partial functions. Integration
    using trigonometric identities.
    Integral as limit of a sum. The fundamental
    theorem of calculus, properties of definite
    integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals,
    determining areas of the regions bounded
    by simple curves in standard form.
  • UNIT 10: DIFFRENTIAL EQUATIONS
    Ordinary differential equations, their order
    and degree, the formation of differential
    equations, solution of differential equation
    by the method of separation of variables,
    solution of a homogeneous and linear
    differential equation of the type
  • UNIT 11: CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
    Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula,
    sections formula, locus and its equation,
    translation of axes, the slope of a line,
    parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts
    of a line on the co-ordinate axis.
    Straight line Various forms of equations of a line,
    intersection of lines, angles between two
    lines, conditions for concurrence of three
    lines, the distance of a point form a line,
    equations of internal and external by
    sectors of angles between two lines coordinate of the centroid, orthocentre and
    circumcentre of a triangle, equation of the
    family of lines passing through the point of
    intersection of two lines.
    Circle, conic sections
    A standard form of equations of a circle,
    the general form of the equation of a circle,
    its radius and central, equation of a circle
    when the endpoints of a diameter are
    given, points of intersection of a line and a
    circle with the centre at the origin and
    condition for a line to be tangent to a circle,
    equation of the tangent, sections of conics,
    equations of conic sections (parabola,
    ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms,
    condition for Y = mx +c to be a tangent and
    point (s) of tangency.
  • UNIT 12: THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
    Coordinates of a point in space, the
    distance between two points, section
    formula, directions ratios and direction
    cosines, the angle between two intersecting
    lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance
    between them and its equation. Equations
    of a line and a plane in different forms, the
    intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar
    lines.
  • UNIT 13: VECTOR ALGEBRA
    Vectors and scalars, the addition of
    vectors, components of a vector in two
    dimensions and three-dimensional space,
    scalar and vector products, scalar and
    vector triple product.
  • UNIT 14: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
    Measures of discretion; calculation of
    mean, median, mode of grouped and
    ungrouped data calculation of standard
    deviation, variance and mean deviation for
    grouped and ungrouped data.
    Probability: Probability of an event,
    addition and multiplication theorems of
    probability, Baye’s theorem, probability
    distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli
    trials and binomial distribution.
  • UNIT 15: TRIGONOMETRY
    Trigonometrical identities and equations,
    trigonometrical functions, inverse
    trigonometrical functions and their
    properties, heights and distance.
  • UNIT 16: MATHEMATICAL REASONING
    Statement logical operations and, or,
    implies, implied by, if and only if,
    understanding of tautology, contradiction,
    converse and contrapositive.
JEE Main Syllabus for Physics
The syllabus contains two Section- A and B, Section – A pertains to the Theory Part having 80% weightage, while Sections – B contains practical component (Experimental Skills) having 20 % Weightage.

Section- A

  • UNIT 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT
    Physics, technology and society, S I Units,
    fundamental and derived units, least count,
    accuracy and precision of measuring
    instruments, Errors in measurement,
    Dimensions of Physics quantities,
    dimensional analysis and its applications.
  • UNIT 2: KINEMATICS
    The frame of reference, motion in a
    straight line, Position- time graph, speed
    and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform
    motion, average speed and instantaneous
    velocity, uniformly accelerated motion,
    velocity-time, position-time graph,
    relations for uniformly accelerated motion,
    Scalars and Vectors, Vector. Addition and
    subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector
    products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a
    Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a
    plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular
    Motion.
  • UNIT 3: LAWS OF MOTION
    Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of
    motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second
    Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third
    Law of motion. Law of conservation of
    linear momentum and its applications.
    Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
    Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction,
    rolling friction.
    Dynamics of uniform circular motion:
    centripetal force and its applications.
  • UNIT 4: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
    Work done by a content force and a
    variable force; kinetic and potential
    energies, work-energy theorem, power.
    The potential energy of spring
    conservation of mechanical energy,
    conservative and neoconservative forces;
    Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and
    two dimensions.
  • UNIT5: ROTATIONAL MOTION
    Centre of the mass of a two-particle
    system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body;
    Basic concepts of rotational motion; a
    moment of a force; torque, angular
    momentum, conservation of angular
    momentum and its applications; the
    moment of inertia, the radius of gyration.
    Values of moments of inertia for
    simple geometrical objects, parallel and
    perpendicular axes theorems and their
    applications. Rigid body rotation equations
    of rotational motion.
  • UNIT 6: GRAVITATION
    The universal law of gravitation.
    Acceleration due to gravity and its
    variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s
    law of planetary motion. Gravitational
    potential energy; gravitational potential.
    Escape velocity, Orbital velocity of a
    satellite. Geo stationary satellites.
  • UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
    Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain
    relationship, Hooke’s Law. Young’s
    modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of
    rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column;
    Pascal’s law and its applications. Viscosity.
    Stokes’ law. terminal velocity, streamline
    and turbulent flow. Reynolds number.
    Bernoulli’s principle and its applications.
    Surface energy and surface tension, angle
    of contact, application of surface tension –
    drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Heat,
    temperature, thermal expansion; specific
    heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state,
    latent heat. Heat transfer-conduction,
    convection and radiation. Newton’s law of
    cooling.
  • UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS
    Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of
    thermodynamics, the concept of
    temperature. Heat, work and internal
    energy. The first law of thermodynamics.
    The second law of thermodynamics:
    reversible and irreversible processes.
    Carnot engine and its efficiency.
  • UNIT 9: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
    Equation of state of a perfect gas, work
    done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory
    of gases – assumptions, the concept of
    pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature:
    RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of
    freedom. Law of equipartition of energy,
    applications to specific heat capacities of
    gases; Mean free path. Avogadro’s number.
  • UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
    Periodic motion – period, frequency,
    displacement as a function of time. Periodic
    functions. Simple harmonic motion
    (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase:
    oscillations of a spring -restoring force and
    force constant: energy in S.H.M. – Kinetic
    and potential energies; Simple pendulum –
    derivation of expression for its time period:
    Free, forced and damped oscillations,
    resonance.
    Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse
    waves, speed of a wave. Displacement
    relation for a progressive wave. Principle of
    superposition of waves, a reflection of
    waves. Standing waves in strings and organ
    pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics.
    Beats. Doppler Effect in sound
  • UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS
    Electric charges: Conservation of charge.
    Coulomb’s law-forces between two point
    charges, forces between multiple charges:
    superposition principle and continuous
    charge distribution.
    Electric field: Electric field due to a point
    charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole,
    Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a
    dipole in a uniform electric field.
    Electric flux. Gauss’s law and its
    applications to find field due to infinitely
    long uniformly charged straight wire,
    uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and
    uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
    Electric potential and its calculation for a
    point charge, electric dipole and system of
    charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical
    potential energy of a system of two point
    charges in an electrostatic field.
    Conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and
    electric polarization, capacitor, the
    combination of capacitors in series and
    parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate
    capacitor with and without dielectric
    medium between the plates. Energy stored
    in a capacitor.
  • UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY
    Electric current. Drift velocity. Ohm’s law.
    Electrical resistance. Resistances of
    different materials. V-l characteristics of
    Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors.
    Electrical energy and power. Electrical
    resistivity. Colour code for resistors; Series
    and parallel combinations of resistors;
    Temperature dependence of resistance.
    Electric Cell and its Internal resistance,
    potential difference and emf of a cell, a
    combination of cells in series and parallel.
    Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications.
    Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.
    Potentiometer – principle and its
    applications.
  • UNIT 13: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM
    Biot – Savart law and its application to
    current carrying circular loop. Ampere’s
    law and its applications to infinitely long
    current carrying straight wire and solenoid.
    Force on a moving charge in uniform
    magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
    Force on a current-carrying conductor in a
    uniform magnetic field. The force between
    two parallel current carrying conductorsdefinition of ampere. Torque experienced
    by a current loop in a uniform magnetic
    field: Moving coil galvanometer, its current
    sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and
    voltmeter.
    Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its
    magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an
    equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines;
    Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic
    elements. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic
    substances. Magnetic susceptibility and
    permeability. Hysteresis. Electromagnets
    and permanent magnets.
  • UNIT 14: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS
    Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law.
    Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law,
    Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.
    Alternating currents, peak and RMS value
    of alternating current/ voltage: reactance
    and impedance: LCR series circuit,
    resonance: Quality factor, power in AC
    circuits, wattless current. AC generator and
    transformer.
  • UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
    Electromagnetic waves and their
    characteristics, Transverse nature of
    electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic
    spectrum (radio waves, microwaves,
    infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays.
    Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.
  • UNIT 16: OPTICS
    Reflection and refraction of light at plane
    and spherical surfaces, mirror formula.
    Total internal reflection and its
    applications. Deviation and Dispersion of
    light by a; prism; Lens Formula.
    Magnification. Power of a Lens.
    Combination of thin lenses in contact.
    Microscope and Astronomical Telescope
    (reflecting and refracting ) and their
    magnifying powers.
    Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’
    principle. Laws of reflection and refraction
    using Huygens principle. Interference,
    Young’s double-slit experiment and
    expression for fringe width, coherent
    sources and sustained interference of light.
    Diffraction due to a single slit, width of
    central maximum. Resolving power of
    microscopes and astronomical telescopes.
    Polarization, plane-polarized light:
    Brewster’s law, uses of plane-polarized
    light and Polaroid.
  • UNIT 17: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION
    Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric
    effect. Hertz and Lenard’s observations;
    Einstein’s photoelectric equation: particle
    nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature
    of particle, de Broglie relation. DavissonGermer experiment.
  • UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI
    Alpha-particle scattering experiment;
    Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model,
    energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.
    Composition and size of nucleus, atomic
    masses, isotopes, isobars: isotones.
    Radioactivity- alpha. beta and gamma
    particles/rays and their properties;
    radioactive decay law. Mass-energy
    relation, mass defect; binding energy per
    nucleon and its variation with mass
    number, nuclear fission and fusion.
  • UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES
    Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: 1-
    V characteristics in forward and reverse
    bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics
    of LED. the photodiode, solar cell and
    Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage
    regulator. Junction transistor, transistor
    action, characteristics of a transistor:
    transistor as an amplifier (common emitter
    configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates
    (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).
    Transistor as a switch.
  • UNIT 20: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
    Propagation of electromagnetic waves in
    the atmosphere; Sky and space wave
    propagation. Need for modulation.
    Amplitude and Frequency Modulation,
    Bandwidth of signals. the bandwidth of
    Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a
    Communication System (Block Diagram
    only).

SECTION-B

  • Vernier callipers-its use to measure the
    internal and external diameter and
    depth of a vessel.
  • Screw gauge-its use to determine
    thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
  • Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy
    by plotting a graph between the square
    of amplitude and time.
  • Metre Scale – the mass of a given object
    by principle of moments.
  • Young’s modulus of elasticity of the
    material of a metallic wire.
  • Surf ace tension of water by capillary
    rise and effect of detergents,
  • Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given
    viscous liquid by measuring terminal
    velocity of a given spherical body,
  • Plotting a cooling curve for the
    relationship between the temperature of
    a hot body and time.
  • Speed of sound in air at room
    temperature using a resonance tube,
  • Specific heat capacity of a given (i)
    solid and (ii) liquid by method of
    mixtures.
  • The resistivity of the material of a given
    wire using metre bridge.
  • The resistance of a given wire using
    Ohm’s law.
  • Potentiometeri. Comparison of emf of two primary
    cells.
    ii. Determination of internal
    resistance of a cell.
  • Resistance and figure of merit of a
    galvanometer by half deflection
    method.
  • The focal length of;
    (i) Convex mirror
    (ii) Concave mirror, and
    (ii) Convex lens,
    using the
    parallax method.
  • The plot of the angle of deviation vs
    angle of incidence for a triangular
    prism.
  • Refractive index of a glass slab using a
    travelling microscope.
  • Characteristic curves of a p-n junction
    diode in forward and reverse bias.
  • Characteristic curves of a Zener diode
    and finding reverse break down
    voltage.
  • Characteristic curves of a transistor and
    finding current gain and voltage gain.
  • Identification of Diode. LED,
    Transistor. IC. Resistor. A capacitor
    from a mixed collection of such items.
  • Using a multimeter to:
    (i) Identify the base of a transistor
    (ii) Distinguish between NPN and PNP
    type transistor
    (iii) See the unidirectional of current in
    case of a diode and an LED.
    (iv) Check the correctness or otherwise
    of a given electronic component
    (diode, transistor or IC).
JEE Main Syllabus for Chemistry

SECTION – A PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

  • UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY
    Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic
    theory: Concept of atom, molecule,
    element and compound: Physical
    quantities and their measurements in
    Chemistry, precision and accuracy,
    significant figures. S.I.Units, dimensional
    analysis: Laws of chemical combination;
    Atomic and molecular masses, mole
    concept, molar mass, percentage
    composition, empirical and molecular
    formulae: Chemical equations and
    stoichiometry.
  • UNIT 2: STATES OF MATTER
    Classification of matter into solid, liquid
    and gaseous states.
    Gaseous State:
    Measurable properties of gases: Gas laws –
    Boyle’s law, Charle’s law. Graham’s law of
    diffusion. Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s law of
    partial pressure; Concept of Absolute scale
    of temperature; Ideal gas equation; Kinetic
    theory of gases (only postulates); Concept
    of average, root mean square and most
    probable velocities; Real gases, deviation
    from Ideal behaviour, compressibility
    factor and van der Waals equation.
    Liquid State:
    Properties of liquids – vapour pressure,
    viscosity and surface tension and effect of
    temperature on them (qualitative treatment
    only).
    Solid State:
    Classification of solids: molecular, ionic,
    covalent and metallic solids, amorphous
    and crystalline solids (elementary idea);
    Bragg’s Law and its applications: Unit cell
    and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc and
    hcp lattices), voids, calculations involving
    unit cell parameters, an imperfection in
    solids; Electrical and magnetic properties.
  • UNIT 3: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
    Thomson and Rutherford atomic models
    and their limitations; Nature of
    electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric
    effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom.
    Bohr model of a hydrogen atom – its
    postulates, derivation of the relations for
    the energy of the electron and radii of the
    different orbits, limitations of Bohr’s
    model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie’s
    relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty
    principle. Elementary ideas of quantum
    mechanics, quantum mechanics, the
    quantum mechanical model of the atom, its
    important features. Concept of atomic
    orbitals as one-electron wave functions:
    Variation of  and 2 with r for 1s and 2s
    orbitals; various
    quantum numbers (principal, angular
    momentum and magnetic quantum
    numbers) and their significance; shapes of
    s, p and d – orbitals, electron spin and spin
    quantum number: Rules for filling
    electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle.
    Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule,
    electronic configuration of elements, extra
    stability of half-filled and completely filled
    orbitals.
  • UNIT 4: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
    Kossel – Lewis approach to chemical bond
    formation, the concept of ionic and
    covalent bonds.
    Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds,
    factors affecting the formation of ionic
    bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.
    Covalent Bonding: Concept of
    electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole
    moment: Valence Shell Electron Pair
    Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of
    simple molecules.
    Quantum mechanical approach to
    covalent bonding: Valence bond theory –
    its important features, the concept of
    hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals;
    Resonance.
    Molecular Orbital Theory – Its important
    features. LCAOs, types of molecular
    orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and
    pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic
    configurations of homonuclear diatomic
    molecules, the concept of bond order, bond
    length and bond energy.
    Elementary idea of metallic bonding.
    Hydrogen bonding and its applications.
  • UNIT 5: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
    Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System
    and surroundings, extensive and intensive
    properties, state functions, types of
    processes.
    The first law of thermodynamics –
    Concept of work, heat internal energy and
    enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat
    capacity; Hess’s law of constant heat
    summation; Enthalpies of bond
    dissociation, combustion, formation,
    atomization, sublimation, phase transition,
    hydration, ionization and solution.
    The second law of thermodynamics –
    Spontaneity of processes; S of the
    universe and G of the system as criteria
    for spontaneity. G (Standard Gibbs
    energy change) and equilibrium constant.
  • UNIT 6: SOLUTIONS
    Different methods for expressing the
    concentration of solution – molality,
    molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by
    volume and mass both), the vapour
    pressure of solutions and Raoult’s Law –
    Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour
    pressure – composition, plots for ideal and
    non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties
    of dilute solutions – a relative lowering of
    vapour pressure, depression of freezing
    point, the elevation of boiling point and
    osmotic pressure; Determination of
    molecular mass using colligative
    properties; Abnormal value of molar mass,
    van’t Hoff factor and its significance.
  • UNIT 7: EQUILIBRIUM
    Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of
    dynamic equilibrium.
    Equilibria involving physical processes:
    Solid-liquid, liquid – gas and solid-gas
    equilibria, Henry’s law. General
    characteristics of equilibrium involving
    physical processes.
    Equilibrium involving chemical
    processes: Law of chemical equilibrium,
    equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their
    significance, the significance of G and G
    in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting
    equilibrium concentration, pressure,
    temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le
    Chatelier’s principle.
    Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong
    electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes,
    various concepts of acids and bases
    (Arrhenius. Bronsted – Lowry and Lewis)
    and their ionization, acid-base equilibria
    (including multistage ionization) and
    ionization constants, ionization of water.
    pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of
    salts and pH of their solutions, the
    solubility of sparingly soluble salts and
    solubility products, buffer solutions.
  • UNIT 8: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY
    Electronic concepts of oxidation and
    reduction, redox reactions, oxidation
    number, rules for assigning oxidation
    number, balancing of redox reactions.
    Electrolytic and metallic conduction,
    conductance in electrolytic solutions,
    molar conductivities and their variation
    with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and
    its applications.
    Electrochemical cells – Electrolytic and
    Galvanic cells, different types of
    electrodes, electrode potentials including
    standard electrode potential, half – cell and
    cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and
    its measurement: Nernst equation and its
    applications; Relationship between cell
    potential and Gibbs’ energy change: Dry
    cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.
  • UNIT 9: CHEMICAL KINETICS
    Rate of a chemical reaction, factors
    affecting the rate of reactions:
    concentration, temperature, pressure and
    catalyst; elementary and complex
    reactions, order and molecularity of
    reactions, rate law, rate constant and its
    units, differential and integral forms of
    zero and first-order reactions, their
    characteristics and half-lives, the effect of
    temperature on the rate of reactions,
    Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its
    calculation, collision theory of bimolecular
    gaseous reactions (no derivation).
  • UNIT 10: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
    Adsorption- Physisorption and
    chemisorption and their characteristics,
    factors affecting adsorption of gases on
    solids – Freundlich and Langmuir
    adsorption isotherms, adsorption from
    solutions.
    Catalysis – Homogeneous and
    heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of
    solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its
    mechanism.
    Colloidal state- distinction among true
    solutions, colloids and suspensions,
    classification of colloids – lyophilic.
    lyophobic; multimolecular.
    macromolecular and associated colloids
    (micelles), preparation and properties of
    colloids – Tyndall effect. Brownian
    movement, electrophoresis, dialysis,
    coagulation and flocculation: Emulsions
    and their characteristics.

SECTION-B INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

  • UNIT 11: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
    Modem periodic law and present form of
    the periodic table, s, p. d and f block
    elements, periodic trends in properties of
    elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization
    enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence,
    oxidation states and chemical reactivity.
  • UNIT 12: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF METALS
    Modes of occurrence of elements in nature,
    minerals, ores; Steps involved in the
    extraction of metals – concentration,
    reduction (chemical and electrolytic
    methods) and refining with special
    reference to the extraction of Al. Cu, Zn
    and Fe; Thermodynamic and
    electrochemical principles involved in the
    extraction of metals.
  • UNIT 13: HYDROGEN
    Position of hydrogen in periodic table,
    isotopes, preparation, properties and uses
    of hydrogen; Physical and chemical
    properties of water and heavy water;
    Structure, preparation, reactions and uses
    of hydrogen peroxide; Classification of
    hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial;
    Hydrogen as a fuel.
  • UNIT 14: S -BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS)
    Group -1 and 2 Elements
    General introduction, electronic
    configuration and general trends in
    physical and chemical properties of
    elements, anomalous properties of the first
    element of each group, diagonal
    relationships.
    Preparation and properties of some
    important compounds – sodium carbonate
    and sodium hydroxide and sodium
    hydrogen carbonate; Industrial uses of
    lime, limestone. Plaster of Paris and
    cement: Biological significance of Na, K.
    Mg and Ca.
  • UNIT 15: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS
    Group -13 to Group 18 Elements
    General Introduction: Electronic
    configuration and general trends in
    physical and chemical properties of
    elements across the periods and down the
    groups; unique behaviour of the first
    element in each group.
    Groupwise study of the p – block
    elements Group -13
    Preparation, properties and uses of boron
    and aluminium; Structure, properties and
    uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron
    trifluoride, aluminium chloride and alums.
    Group -14
    The tendency for catenation; Structure,
    properties and uses of Allotropes and
    oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride,
    silicates, zeolites and silicones.
    Group -15
    Properties and uses of nitrogen and
    phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of
    phosphorus; Preparation, properties,
    structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid,
    phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl3.
    PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of
    nitrogen and phosphorus.
    Group -16
    Preparation, properties, structures and uses
    of ozone: Allotropic forms of sulphur;
    Preparation, properties, structures and uses
    of sulphuric acid (including its industrial
    preparation); Structures of oxoacids of
    sulphur.
    Group-17
    Preparation, properties and uses of
    hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic
    nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of
    Interhalogen compounds and oxides and
    oxoacids of halogens.
    Group-18
    Occurrence and uses of noble gases;
    Structures of fluorides and oxides of
    xenon.
  • UNIT 16: d – and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
    Transition Elements
    General introduction, electronic
    configuration, occurrence and
    characteristics, general trends in properties
    of the first-row transition elements –
    physical properties, ionization enthalpy,
    oxidation states, atomic radii, colour,
    catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties,
    complex formation, interstitial
    compounds, alloy formation; Preparation,
    properties and uses of K2Cr2O7, and
    KMnO4.
    Inner Transition Elements
    Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration,
    oxidation states and lanthanoid
    contraction.
    Actinoids – Electronic configuration and
    oxidation states.
  • UNIT 17: CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
    Introduction to co-ordination compounds.
    Werner’s theory; ligands, co-ordination
    number, denticity. chelation; IUPAC
    nomenclature of mononuclear co–
    ordination compounds, isomerism;
    Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic
    ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and
    magnetic properties; Importance of co–
    ordination compounds (in qualitative
    analysis, extraction of metals and in
    biological systems).
  • UNIT 18: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
    Environmental pollution – Atmospheric,
    water and soil.
    Atmospheric pollution – Tropospheric
    and Stratospheric
    Tropospheric pollutants – Gaseous
    pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and
    sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources,
    harmful effects and prevention;
    Greenhouse effect and Global warming:
    Acid rain;
    Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust,
    smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful
    effects and prevention.
    Stratospheric pollution- Formation and
    breakdown of ozone, depletion of the
    ozone layer – its mechanism and effects.
    Water Pollution – Major pollutants such
    as. pathogens, organic wastes and
    chemical pollutants; their harmful effects
    and prevention.
    Soil pollution – Major pollutants such as;
    Pesticides (insecticides. herbicides and
    fungicides), their harmful effects and
    prevention. Strategies to control
    environmental pollution.

SECTION-C ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

  • UNIT 19: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    Purification – Crystallization,
    sublimation, distillation, differential
    extraction and chromatography – principles
    and their applications.
    Qualitative analysis – Detection of
    nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and
    halogens.
    Quantitative analysis (basic principles
    only) – Estimation of carbon, hydrogen,
    nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus.
    Calculations of empirical formulae and
    molecular formulae: Numerical problems
    in organic quantitative analysis,
  • UNIT 20:SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple
    molecules – hybridization (s and p):
    Classification of organic compounds based
    on functional groups: and those containing
    halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur;
    Homologous series: Isomerism – structural
    and stereoisomerism.
    Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
    Covalent bond fission – Homolytic and
    heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations and
    carbanions; stability of carbocations and
    free radicals, electrophiles and
    nucleophiles.
    Electronic displacement in a covalent bond
    – Inductive effect, electromeric effect,
    resonance and hyperconjugation.
    Common types of organic reactionsSubstitution, addition, elimination and
    rearrangement.
  • UNITS 21: HYDROCARBONS
    Classification, isomerism, IUPAC
    nomenclature, general methods of
    preparation, properties and reactions.
    Alkanes – Conformations: Sawhorse and
    Newman projections (of ethane):
    Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.
    Alkenes – Geometrical isomerism:
    Mechanism of electrophilic addition:
    addition of hydrogen, halogens, water,
    hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and
    peroxide effect): Ozonolysis and
    polymerization.
    Alkynes – Acidic character: Addition of
    hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen
    halides: Polymerization.
    Aromatic hydrocarbons – Nomenclature,
    benzene – structure and aromaticity:
    Mechanism of electrophilic substitution:
    halogenation, nitration.
    Friedel – Craft’s alkylation and acylation,
    directive influence of the functional group
    in mono-substituted benzene.
  • UNIT 22: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS
    General methods of preparation, properties
    and reactions; Nature of C-X bond;
    Mechanisms of substitution reactions.
    Uses; Environmental effects of
    chloroform, iodoform freons and DDT.
  • UNIT 23: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN
    General methods of preparation,
    properties, reactions and uses.
    ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
    Alcohols: Identification of primary,
    secondary and tertiary alcohols:
    mechanism of dehydration.
    Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic
    substitution reactions: halogenation.
    nitration and sulphonation. Reimer –
    Tiemann reaction.
    Ethers: Structure.
    Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of
    carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to
    >C=O group, relative reactivities of
    aldehydes and ketones; Important
    reactions such as – Nucleophilic addition
    reactions (addition of HCN. NH3, and its
    derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation:
    reduction (Wolf Kishner and
    Clemmensen); the acidity of -hydrogen.
    aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction.
    Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to
    distinguish between aldehydes and
    Ketones.
    Carboxylic Acids
    Acidic strength and factors affecting it,
  • UNIT 24: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
    General methods of preparation.
    Properties, reactions and uses.
    Amines: Nomenclature, classification
    structure, basic character and identification
    of primary, secondary and tertiary amines
    and their basic character.
    Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic
    organic chemistry.
  • UNIT 25: POLYMERS
    General introduction and classification of
    polymers, general methods of
    polymerization, – Addition and
    condensation, copolymerization.
    Natural and synthetic, rubber and
    vulcanization, some important polymers
    with emphasis on their monomers and uses
    – polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite.
  • UNIT 26: BIOMOLECULES
    General introduction and importance of
    biomolecules.
    CARBOHYDRATES – Classification;
    aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides
    (glucose and fructose) and constituent
    monosaccharides of oligosaccharides
    (sucrose, lactose and maltose).
    PROTEINS – Elementary Idea of -amino
    acids, peptide bond, polypeptides.
    Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and
    quaternary structure (qualitative idea
    only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
    VITAMINS – Classification and
    functions.
    NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical
    constitution of DNA and RNA.
    Biological functions of nucleic acids.
  • UNIT 27: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
    Chemicals in Medicines – Analgesics,
    tranquillizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,
    antimicrobials, anti-fertility drugs,
    antibiotics, antacids. Anti-histamines –
    their meaning and common examples.
    Chemicals in food – Preservatives,
    artificial sweetening agents – common
    examples.
    Cleansing Agents – Soaps and detergents,
    cleansing action
  • UNIT 28: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY
    Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen,
    Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds;
    Detection of the following functional
    groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic),
    carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl
    and amino groups in organic compounds.
     The chemistry involved in the preparation
    of the following:
    Inorganic compounds; Mohr’s salt, potash
    alum.
    Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro
    acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
     The chemistry involved in the titrimetric
    exercises – Acids, bases and the use of
    indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s
    salt vs KMnO4
     Chemical principles involved in the
    qualitative salt analysts:
    Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+,Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+Anions- CO32−, S
    2-,SO42−,NO3-, NO2-, Cl-,Br-, I-
    ( Insoluble salts excluded).
    Chemical principles involved in the
    following experiments:
    1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
    2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid
    and strong base.
    3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic
    sols.
    4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide
    ion with hydrogen peroxide at room
    temperature.

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